General

The Disneyland Paris Hotels that Never Were

Jean de Lutèce returns with another great article about lesser known aspects of the Disneyland Paris resort. This time around, Jean talks about the sometimes daring (and sometimes bizarre) DLP hotels that didn’t make it off the drawing board.

Published

20 years ago

December 11, 2003

Jim Hill

When I first read Disneyland Paris – From Sketch from Reality, I was especially fascinated by four pages in the book. Two are about the original Space Mountain concepts (I will explore those in a later article). Two are about the hotel concepts that were never built. One of those is an aircraft carrier, the other is completely transparent! Now here was something I had never heard about before buying the book. I had to explore this creative aspect of the Disneyland Paris story. I needed to learn all I could about “the hotels that never were”. Let me take you with me today to discover the results of that quest.

As you know already if you read Michael Eisner’s Work in Progress, early 1988, both Wing Chao and Eisner decided to gather some of the best architects at the time. To do so, they decide to “hijack” a dinner organised by architectural critic Elizabeth McMillan. Through this astonishing procedure, they assembled at the Studio that evening around a Chinese food dinner a “think tank” that includes among others Frank Gehry, Stanley Tingerman, Michael Rotondi and Robert Stern, along with some world famous art critics and architectural journalists. That first “impromptu” work-session was soon followed by a second one, on Easter weekend of 1988. The team that gathered then was nicknamed the “gang of 5”: Robert Stern, Frank Gehry, Stanley Tingerman, Michael Graves and Robert Venturi.

The meeting was headed by Wing Chao, who at the time directed a structure of Disney separate from Walt Disney Imagineering and known as the Disney Development Company (DDC). It is during that second “workshop” that Robert Venturi introduced an idea that is mentioned in the book “The Architecture of Reassurance”: creating a giant avenue, between the Park and the hotels, lined with 160-foot tall Mickey and Minnie figures.

Now it is interesting to note that in parallel to that creative work headed by the DDC, Walt Disney Imagineering was also working on ideas for the area of the hotels. One of those WDI work sessions happened in Palm Springs and was directed by guest architect Charles Moore (1925 – 1993), famous among other projects for the Hood Museum of Art in Hanover, NH and the Burns House in Santa Monica Canyon, CA and who had taught at Berkeley, Yale and UCLA. Among the ideas suggested for the hotels: a cruise ship surrounded by a sea of grass, a hotel in the shape of a castle, one that evoked Hollywood with an Old West town and even the idealistic town of Shangri-La. WDI also imagined the heart of the resort taking the form of an island surrounded by an area of canals, rivers and lakes with water playing an important role in making guests reassured and comfortable.

But it is DDC that in the end was named as the leader of the hotel side of the Disneyland Paris project and on Easter Weekend it had settled the master-planning thanks to the help of the “Gang of Five”. It could move to phase two : the competition between the best and most renown architects of the world. And that’s where things became really interesting: when those world-class architects explained their ideas to the top Disney management team during a 4 days session, only three weeks later.

The central theme for all the hotels was to be America.

Austrian Hans Hollein admitted that, for him, America meant “war”. Thus, he conceived of a hotel in the form of an aircraft carrier. Dutchman Rem Koolhass came up with a concept for a hotel on a pedestal with a shape like a Goodyear blimp. The French Jean Nouvel proposed a completely transparent hotel. Now you would think that this was by far the most outrageous of all the ideas introduced during that meeting. You would be wrong!

American Peter Eisenman suggested a hotel that would be entirely underground for the area where the Sequoia Lodge is located today. His theory was that the French countryside was so beautiful that it should be protected. He also felt that the unifying theme for Disney is death, which one finds at the center of most of the great classic Disney animated films!

Some of the concepts that also died were Christian de Pozamparc’s proposal inspired by the Colorado mountains, Jean-Paul Vigier’s and Stanley Tingerman’s idea centered around the theme of western films and Swiss architect Bernard Tschumi’s very modern concept: circular, red, and in the middle of which sat a marina.

Two projects that excited the DDC team also did not make it to the final stage, but for more subtle reasons.

First was Italian architect’s Aldo Rossi’s suggestion of a New Orleans themed hotel. While excellent from a design point of view, it required some functional adaptations. Aldo Rossi refused to include those. His magnificent rebuttal is quoted by Michael Eisner in Work in Progress: “Dear Michael, I am not personally offended and can ignore all the negative points that have been made about our projects in Paris, […] The Cavalier Bernini, invited to Paris for the Louvre project was tormented by a multitude of functionaries who continued to demand that changes be made to the project to make it more functional. It is clear that I am not the Cavalier Bernini, but it is also clear that you are not the King of France. Aside from the differences, I do not intend to be the object of minuscule criticisms that any interior designer could handle. It is my belief that our project, notwithstanding the specialists, is beautiful in its own right and as such will become famous and built in some other place.”

The second issue was even more bitter and bruised even more egos. One of the hotels that had been selected for construction by DDC during the 4 days session was Robert Venturi’s. Venturi had created a hotel called Hotel Fantasia that had Las Vegas as its central theme.

But while DDC, headed by Wing Chao, was busy selecting the best proposals for the hotels of Disneyland Paris, Tony Baxter’s team at WDI was hard at work creating the park itself. And among the renderings that they showed to Michael Eisner at the time was a concept for the entrance of the park that included a fake facade of a big hotel. The facade was there to reassure, to give a sense of welcoming to arriving guests. However, building a fake facade was way too costly. The project only made sense if conceived as a real hotel (what would become the Disneyland Hotel). But there was no budget or economic rational for that new hotel. So it came down to a “simple” choice: either the Disneyland Hotel would go or the Hotel Fantasia concept would be scraped.

To define the matter, Michael Eisner decided to bring Tony Baxter and Robert Venturi together in one room in order to hear their respective arguments. Robert Venturi thought a hotel shouldn’t be located at the entrance to the Park, so that you could see ‘Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant’ from the freeway. For Tony Baxter, the Disneyland experience shouldn’t begin until you had entered the Park. The view of the castle was at the heart of the debate. As we all know, in the end Eisner sided with Tony’s views. And we are obviously glad that he did.

Now, however, there was still at least one part of Tony’s original project that did not exactly make it to the final phase. You are all familiar with the “Fantasia Gardens” located in front of the Disneyland Hotel, at the entrance of the park. Originally, the “Fantasia Gardens” were to have been called the “Electrical Light Gardens”. An ice skating rink, evoking the “Nutcracker” sequence in Fantasia, would have been located in the middle of the gardens. And they would have been decorated with small twinkling lights, which, during wintertime, would have come to life at night in a spectacular way. When the Imagineers decided to include the Electrical Parade in the Park, the project was abandoned.

Now the fun thing is that the Fantasia Gardens do bring us back to an earlier anecdote. When creating them, Tony Baxter was thinking of the welcoming aspects of Versailles gardens. So Aldo Rossi may not have been so far off when writing his letter to Eisner. There was a feel of Louis XIV in the air!

Before I conclude this piece, here are a few more details you may not have noticed. Did you know that:

Frank Armitage painted a fresco in the lobby of the Disneyland Hotel that depicts the inauguration of the hotel just as it might have taken place one hundred years ago in 1895. Frank is the person in the foreground with the white hair, sitting on a bench.

In the Hotel Santa Fe, the red building is the symbolic representation of a brothel.

Before creating the Sequoia Lodge hotel, French Antoine Grumbach had also worked on two different projects for Disneyland Paris: The first one, a landscaping idea was a park built in a Gaudi style with fountains, illuminated elements, and a play on the connections to water. The other one was a hotel, called “Forest of the Giants”, the rooms of which would have been located in giant sequoia trees.

Finally, as Xmas is so close, Didier Ghez just informed me that he now has Regular Editions of the book From Sketch to Reality to sell at a reduced price, along with the Collector’s Editions. You can contact him at dghez@hotmail.com for more detailed information.

General

Seward Johnson bronzes add a surreal, artistic touch to NYC’s Garment District

Published

9 years ago

June 23, 2015

Jim Hill

Greetings from NYC. Nancy and I drove down from New
Hampshire yesterday because we'll be checking out
Disney Consumer Products' annual Holiday Showcase later today.

Anyway … After checking into our hotel (i.e., The Paul.
Which is located down in NYC's NoMad district), we decided to grab some dinner.
Which is how we wound up at the Melt Shop.

Photo by Jim Hill

Which is this restaurant that only sells grilled cheese sandwiches.
This comfort food was delicious, but kind of on the heavy side.

Photo by Jim Hill

Which is why — given that it was a beautiful summer night
— we'd then try and walk off our meals. We started our stroll down by the Empire
State Building
…

Photo by Jim Hill

… and eventually wound up just below Times
Square (right behind where the Waterford Crystal Times Square New
Year's Eve Ball is kept).

Photo by Jim Hill

But you know what we discovered en route? Right in the heart
of Manhattan's Garment District
along Broadway between 36th and 41st? This incredibly cool series of life-like
and life-sized sculptures that Seward
Johnson has created.

Photo by Jim Hill

And — yes — that is Abraham Lincoln (who seems to have
slipped out of WDW's Hall of Presidents when no one was looking and is now
leading tourists around Times Square). These 18 painted
bronze pieces (which were just installed late this past Sunday night / early
Monday morning) range from the surreal to the all-too-real.

Photo by Jim Hill

Some of these pieces look like typical New Yorkers. Like the
business woman planning out her day …

Photo by Jim Hill

… the postman delivering the mail …

Photo by Jim Hill

… the hot dog vendor working at his cart …

Photo by Jim Hill

… the street musician playing for tourists …

Photo by Jim Hill

Not to mention the tourists themselves.

Photo by Jim Hill

But right alongside the bronze businessmen …

Photo by Jim Hill

… and the tired grandmother hauling her groceries home …

Photo by Jim Hill

… there were also statues representing people who were
from out-of-town …

Photo by Jim Hill

… or — for that matter — out-of-time.

Photo by Jim Hill

These were the Seward Johnson pieces that genuinely beguiled. Famous impressionist paintings brought to life in three dimensions.

Note the out-of-period water bottle that some tourist left
behind. Photo by Jim Hill

Some of them so lifelike that you actually had to pause for
a moment (especially as day gave way to night in the city) and say to yourself
"Is that one of the bronzes? Or just someone pretending to be one of these
bronzes?"

Mind you, for those of you who aren't big fans of the
impressionists …

Photo by Jim Hill

… there's also an array of American icons. Among them
Marilyn Monroe …

Photo by Jim Hill

… and that farmer couple from Grant Wood's "American
Gothic."

Photo by Jim Hill

But for those of you who know your NYC history, it's hard to
beat that piece which recreates Alfred Eisenstaedt's famous photograph of V-J Day in Times Square.

Photo by Jim Hill

By the way, a 25-foot-tall version of this particular Seward
Johnson piece ( which — FYI — is entitled "Embracing Peace") will actually
be placed in Times Square for a few days on or around August 14th to commemorate the 70th
anniversary of Victory Over Japan Day (V-J Day).

Photo by Jim Hill

By the way, if you'd like to check these Seward Johnson bronzes in
person (which — it should be noted — are part of the part of the Garment
District Alliance's new public art offering) — you'd best schedule a trip to
the City sometime over the next three months. For these pieces will only be on
display now through September 15th.

General

Wondering what you should “Boldly Go” see at the movies next year? The 2015 Licensing Expo offers you some clues

Published

9 years ago

June 10, 2015

Jim Hill

Greeting from the 2015 Licensing Expo, which is being held
at the Mandalay Bay
Convention Center in Las
Vegas.

Photo by Jim Hill

I have to admit that I enjoy covering the Licensing Expo.
Mostly becomes it allows bloggers & entertainment writers like myself to
get a peek over the horizon. Scope out some of the major motion pictures &
TV shows that today's vertically integrated entertainment conglomerates
(Remember when these companies used to be called movie studios?) will be
sending our way over the next two years or so.

Photo by Jim Hill

Take — for example — all of "The Secret Life of
Pets" banners that greeted Expo attendees as they made their way to the
show floor today. I actually got to see some footage from this new Illumination
Entertainment production (which will hit theaters on July 8, 2016) the last time I was in Vegas. Which
was for CinemaCon back in April. And the five or so minutes of film that I viewed
suggested that "The Secret Life of Pets" will be a really funny
animated feature.

Photo by Jim Hill

Mind you, Universal Pictures wanted to make sure that Expo
attendees remembered that there was another Illumination Entertainment production
coming-to-a-theater-near-them before "The Secret Life of Pets" (And
that's "Minions," the "Despicable Me" prequel. Which
premieres at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival next week but
won't be screened stateside 'til July 10th of this year). Which is why they had
three minions who were made entirely out of LEGOS loitering out in the lobby.

Photo by Jim Hill

And Warner Bros. — because they wanted "Batman v
Superman: Dawn of Justice" to start trending on Twitter today — brought
the Batmobile to Las Vegas.

Photo by Jim Hill

Not to mention full-sized macquettes of Batman, Superman and
Wonder Woman. Just so conventioneers could then see what these DC superheroes
would actually look like in this eagerly anticipated, March 25, 2016 release.

Photo by Jim Hill

That's the thing that can sometimes be a wee bit frustrating
about the Licensing Expo. It's all about delayed gratification. You'll come
around a corner and see this 100 foot-long ad for "The Peanuts Movie"
and think "Hey, that looks great. I want to see that Blue Sky Studios production
right now." It's only then that you notice the fine print and realize that
"The Peanuts Movie" doesn't actually open in theaters 'til November
6th of this year.

Photo by Jim Hill

And fan of Blue Sky's "Ice Age" film franchise are in for an even
longer wait. Given that the latest installment in that top grossing series
doesn't arrive in theaters 'til July
15, 2016.

Photo by Jim Hill

Of course, if you're one of those people who needs immediate
gratification when it comes to your entertainment, there was stuff like that to
be found at this year's Licensing Expo. Take — for example — how the WWE
booth was actually shaped like a wrestling ring. Which — I'm guessing — meant
that if the executives of World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. didn't like
the offer that you were making, they were then allowed to toss you out over the
top rope, Royal Rumble-style.

Photo by Jim Hill

I also have to admit that — as a longtime Star Trek fan —
it was cool to see the enormous Starship Enterprise that hung in place over the
CBS booth. Not to mention getting a glimpse of the official Star Trek 50th
Anniversary logo.

Photo by Jim Hill

I was also pleased to see lots of activity in The Jim Henson
Company booth. Which suggests that JHC has actually finally carved out a
post-Muppets identity for itself.

Photo by Jim Hill

Likewise for all of us who were getting a little concerned
about DreamWorks Animation (what with all the layoffs & write-downs &
projects that were put into turnaround or outright cancelled last year), it was
nice to see that booth bustling.

Photo by Jim Hill

Every so often, you'd come across some people who were
promoting a movie that you weren't entirely sure that you actually wanted to
see (EX: "Angry Birds," which Sony Pictures Entertainment / Columbia
Pictures will be releasing to theaters on May 20, 2016). But then you remembered that Clay Kaytis —
who's this hugely talented former Walt Disney Animation Studios animator — is
riding herd on "Angry Birds" with Fergal Reilly. And you'd think
"Well, if Clay's working on 'Angry Birds,' I'm sure this animated feature
will turn out fine."

Photo by Jim Hill

Mind you, there were reminders at this year's Licensing Expo
of great animated features that we're never going to get to see now. I still
can't believe — especially after that brilliant proof-of-concept footage
popped up online last year — that Sony execs decided not to go forward
with production of Genndy Tartakovsky's
"Popeye" movie. But that's the
cruel thing about the entertainment business, folks. It will sometime break
your heart.

Photo by Jim Hill

And make no mistake about this. The Licensing Expo is all
about business. That point was clearly driven home at this year's show when —
as you walked through the doors of the Mandalay
Bay Convention Center
— the first thing that you saw was the Hasbros Booth. Which was this gleaming,
sleek two story-tall affair full of people who were negotiating deals &
signing contracts for all of the would-be summer blockbusters that have already
announced release dates for 2019 & beyond.

Photo by Jim Hill

"But what about The Walt Disney Company?," you
ask. "Weren't they represented on the show floor at this year's Licensing
Expo?" Not really, not. I mean, sure. There were a few companies there hyping
Disney-related products. Take — for example — the Disney Wikkeez people.

Photo by Jim Hill

I'm assuming that some Disney Consumer Products exec is
hoping that Wikkeez will eventually become the new Tsum Tsum. But to be blunt,
these little hard plastic figures don't seem to have the same huggable charm
that those stackable plush do. But I've been wrong before. So let's see what
happens with Disney Wikkeez once they start showing up on the shelves of the
Company's North American retail partners.

Photo by Jim Hill

And speaking of Disney's retail partners … They were
meeting with Mouse House executives behind closed doors one floor down from the
official show floor for this year's Licensing Expo.

Photo by Jim Hill

And the theme for this year's invitation-only Disney shindig? "Timeless
Stories" involving the Disney, Pixar, Marvel & Lucasfilm brands that
would then appeal to "tomorrow's consumer."

Photo by Jim Hill

And just to sort of hammer home the idea that Disney is no
longer the Company which cornered the market when it comes to little girls
(i.e., its Disney Princess and Disney Fairies franchises), check out this
wall-sized Star Wars-related image that DCP put up just outside of one of its
many private meeting rooms. "See?," this carefully crafted photo
screams. "It isn't just little boys who want to wield the Force. Little
girls also want to grow up and be Lords of the Sith."

Photo by Jim Hill

One final, kind-of-ironic note: According to this banner,
Paramount Pictures will be releasing a movie called "Amusement Park"
to theaters sometime in 2017.

Photo by Jim Hill

Well, given all the "Blackfish" -related issues
that have been dogged SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment over the past two years, I'm
just hoping that they'll still be in the amusement park business come 2017.

Your thoughts?

General

It takes more than three circles to craft a Classic version of Mickey Mouse

Published

9 years ago

June 9, 2015

Jim Hill

You know what Mickey Mouse looks like, right? Little guy,
big ears?

Truth be told, Disney's corporate symbol has a lot of
different looks. If Mickey's interacting with Guests at Disneyland
Park (especially this summer, when
the Happiest Place on Earth
is celebrating its 60th anniversary), he looks & dresses like this.

Or when he's appearing in one of those Emmy Award-winning shorts that Disney
Television Animation has produced (EX: "Bronco Busted," which debuts
on the Disney Channel tonight at 8 p.m. ET / PT), Mickey is drawn in a such a
way that he looks hip, cool, edgy & retro all at the same time.

Looking ahead to 2017 now, when Disney Junior rolls out "Mickey and the
Roadster Racers," this brand-new animated series will feature a sportier version
of Disney's corporate symbol. One that Mouse House managers hope will persuade
preschool boys to more fully embrace this now 86 year-old character.

That's what most people don't realize about the Mouse. The
Walt Disney Company deliberately tailors Mickey's look, even his style of
movement, depending on what sort of project / production he's appearing in.

Take — for example — Disney
California Adventure
Park's "World of Color:
Celebrate!" Because Disney's main mouse would be co-hosting this new
nighttime lagoon show with ace emcee Neil Patrick Harris, Eric Goldberg really had
to step up Mickey's game. Which is why this master Disney animator created
several minutes of all-new Mouse animation which then showed that Mickey was
just as skilled a showman as Neil was.

Better yet, let's take a look at what the folks at Avalanche Studios just went
through as they attempted to create a Classic version of Mickey & Minnie.
One that would then allow this popular pair to become part of Disney Infinity
3.0.

"I won't lie to you. We were under a lot of pressure to
get the look of this particular version of Mickey — he's called Red Pants
Mickey around here — just right," said Jeff Bunker, the VP of Art
Development at Avalanche Studios, during a recent phone interview. "When
we brought Sorcerer Mickey into Disney Infinity 1.0 back in January of 2014,
that one was relatively easy because … Well, everyone knows what Mickey Mouse
looked like when he appeared in 'Fantasia.' "

"But this time around, we were being asked to design
THE Mickey & Minnie," Bunker continued. "And given that these Classic
Disney characters have been around in various different forms for the better
part of the last century … Well, which look was the right look?"

Which is why Jeff and his team at Avalanche Studios began watching hours &
hours of Mickey Mouse shorts. As they tried to get a handle on which look would
work best for these characters in Disney Infinity 3.0.

"And we went all the way back to the very start of Mickey's career. We began
with 'Steamboat Willie' and then watched all of those black & white Mickey shorts
that Walt made back in the late 1920s & early 1930s. From there, we
transitioned to his Technicolor shorts. Which is when Mickey went from being
this pie-eyed, really feisty character to more of a well-behaved leading
man," Bunker recalled. "We then finished out our Mouse marathon by
watching all of those new Mickey shorts that Paul Rudish & his team have
been creating for Disney Television Animation. Those cartoons really recapture
a lot of the spirit and wild slapstick fun that Mickey's early, black &
white shorts had."

But given that the specific assignment that Avalanche Studios had been handed
was to create the most appealing looking, likeable version of Mickey Mouse
possible … In the end, Jeff and his team wound up borrowing bits & pieces
from a lot of different versions of the world's most famous mouse. So that
Classic Mickey would then look & move in a way that best fit the sort of
gameplay which people would soon be able to experience with Disney Infinity
3.0.

"That — in a lot of ways — was actually the toughest
part of the Classic Mickey design project. You have to remember that one of the
key creative conceits of Disney Infinity
is that all the characters which appear in this game are toys," Bunker
stated. "Okay. So they're beautifully detailed, highly stylized toy
versions of beloved Disney, Pixar, Marvel & Lucasfilm characters. But
they're still supposed to be toys. So our Classic versions of Mickey &
Minnie have the same sort of thickness & sturdiness to them that toys have.
So that they'll then be able to fit right in with all of the rest of the
characters that Avalanche Studios had previously designed for Disney Infinity."

And then there was the matter of coming up with just the
right pose for Classic Mickey & Minnie. Which — to hear Jeff tell the
story — involved input from a lot of Disney upper management.

"Everyone within the Company seemed to have an opinion
about how Mickey & Minnie should be posed. More to the point, if you Google
Mickey, you then discover that there are literally thousands of poses out there
for these two. Though — truth be told — a lot of those kind of play off the
way Mickey poses when he's being Disney's corporate symbol," Bunker said.
"But what I was most concerned about was that Mickey's pose had to work
with Minnie's pose. Because we were bringing the Classic versions of these
characters up into Disney Infinity 3.0 at the exact same time. And we wanted to
make sure — especially for those fans who like to put their Disney Infinity
figures on display — that Mickey's pose would then complement Minnie.

Which is why Jeff & the crew at Avalanche Studios
decided — when it came to Classic Mickey & Minnie's pose — that they
should go all the way back to the beginning. Which is why these two Disney icons
are sculpted in such a way that it almost seems as though you're witnessing the
very first time Mickey set eyes on Minnie.

"And what was really great about that was — as soon as
we began showing people within the Company this pose — everyone at Disney
quickly got on board with the idea. I mean, the Classic Mickey that we sculpted
for Disney Infinity 3.0 is clearly a very playful, spunky character. But at the
same time, he's obviously got eyes for Minnie," Bunker concluded. "So
in the end, we were able to come up with Classic versions of these characters
that will work well within the creative confines of Disney Infinity 3.0 but at
the same time please those Disney fans who just collect these figures because
they like the way the Disney Infinity characters look."

So now that this particular design project is over, does
Jeff regret that Mouse House upper management was so hands-on when it came to
making sure that the Classic versions of Mickey & Minnie were specifically
tailored to fit the look & style of gameplay found in Disney Infinity 3.0?

"To be blunt, we go through this every time we add a new character to the
game. The folks at Lucasfilm were just as hands-on when we were designing the
versions of Darth Vader and Yoda that will also soon be appearing in Disney
Infinity 3.0," Bunker laughed. "So in the end, if the character's
creators AND the fans are happy, then I'm happy."

This article was originally posted on the Huffington Post's Entertainment page on Tuesday, June 9, 2015